Items 1 through 1 of 2. At the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January , the SS the elite guard of the Nazi state and representatives of German government ministries estimated that the " Final Solution ," the Nazi plan to kill the Jews of Europe, would involve 11 million European Jews, including those from non-occupied countries such as Ireland, Sweden, Turkey, and Great Britain.
Jews from Germany and German-occupied Europe were deported by rail to the killing centers in occupied Poland, where they were killed. The Germans attempted to disguise their intentions, referring to deportations as "resettlement to the east. Jews from the Lodz ghetto are loaded onto freight trains for deportation to the Chelmno killing center.
Lodz, Poland, β Jews assembled in the Siedlce ghetto during a deportation are forced to march toward the railway station. Siedlce, Poland, August 21β24, Vladka belonged to the Zukunft youth movement of the Bund the Jewish Socialist party. In December , she was smuggled out to the Aryan, Polish side of Warsaw to try to obtain arms and to find hiding places for children and adults. She became an active courier for the Jewish underground and for Jews in camps, forests, and other ghettos.
She and her father had permits to sail to the United States, but Germany invaded the Netherlands in May and they could not leave. Ruth was deported to the Westerbork camp in and to the Bergen-Belsen camp in Germany in After an exchange agreement with the Allies broke down, Ruth was interned near the Swiss border until liberation by French forces in Jews from the Warsaw ghetto are marched through the ghetto during deportation.
Warsaw, Poland, β Following the German occupation of Hungary in March , Bart was forced into a ghetto established in his home town. Bart was deported by cattle car to Auschwitz. At Auschwitz, he was selected to perform forced labor , drilling and digging in a coal mine. As Soviet forces advanced toward the Auschwitz camp in January , the Germans forced most of the prisoners on a death march out of the camp.
