Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Email: alsahow hotmail. Keywords: dialysis, calcium bath, dialysis adequacy, dialysis cost, dialysis modality, dialysis mortality, hemodialysis, hepatitis, Kuwait, vascular access. It is a high-income country 2 with a young population mean age of 37 in 3. However, Kuwait is plagued with high rates of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyles 4.
All are risk factors for the initiation and progression of CKD. The total population in was 4. Expatriates have residency permits that can be renewed indefinitely. Extended residency does not guarantee citizenship. Many expatriates are men who live without their families 6. In Kuwait, hemodialysis HD treatments started in , kidney transplantations in , and peritoneal dialysis PD in 6.
Flow chart showing the nephrology services offered by different providers in Kuwait, and whether they are free of charge. The MoH divides Kuwait into six health regions 7 , 8. Each region has a hospital that provides full adult nephrology services Figure 1 , including chronic PD and in-center HD, outpatient clinics with pharmacy and intravenous therapies , vascular access procedures, and inpatient services including acute dialysis intermittent HD or continuous renal replacement therapy , catheter insertion, plasma exchange, and urgent urological intervention.
Inpatient services are free of charge for everyone in MoH hospitals. Other applicable fees are outlined below. Kidney biopsy is conducted in all MoH hospitals and sent to the Mubarak hospital nephropathology laboratory for processing, evaluation, and reporting.
There is no home HD program in Kuwait. All MoH HD centers are hospital based, except for Amiri, which operates through one large and two small satellite standalone units. Only Mubarak and Jahra hospitals provide pediatric nephrology services, and Mubarak provides dialysis service for 10 patients on HD and 18 on PD.
