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This chapter explores the complexities of pediatric nasolacrimal duct obstruction NLDO , focusing on both simple and complex cases. Beginning with an overview of embryological development and anatomical variations, the text delves into the diagnosis and management of congenital NLDO, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention.
Differentiation between simple and complex obstructions is highlighted, with discussions on treatment modalities such as massage, probing, stenting, and balloon dacryoplasty. Complex NLDO cases, including those associated with facial clefting, syndromes like Trisomy 21, and acquired causes, are meticulously addressed. Surgical interventions, including external and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy DCR , are explored in detail, considering anatomical variations and associated syndromes.
Moreover, adjuncts to DCR, such as punctal stenosis management and conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy CDCR with Jones tubes, are discussed, providing a comprehensive understanding of the diagnosis and management of pediatric NLDO. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Institutional subscriptions. Pediatric endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.
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Clinical outcomes of dacryocystorhinostomy with or without intraoperative use of mitomycin C: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. Outcomes in paediatric external dacryocystorhinostomy: a single-centre experience. Pediatric dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction.